Saturday, May 23, 2020

Essay on F. Scott Firzgeralds The Great Gatsby - 777 Words

In F. Scott Fitzgeralds, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald introduces his readers to very unique and dramatic characters that capture the audiences attention right from the start. The three main characters; Tom, Daisy, and Jay Gatsby are the main focus of this novel. Gatsby wants to reconcile his desire for Daisy, but it is possible that it cannot be done because she remains the object of competing visions. Fitzgerald uses the motif of visions throughout his novel, using the vision of the American Dream, the vision of class, and the vision of the past and the future. Throughout the novel Fitzgerald presents three main motif of visions; the American Dream, class, and past and future. The vision of the American Dream that is presented by†¦show more content†¦Gatsby represents the true American Dream because he is motivated by love, while the other characters in the novel are not. Gatsby is the only character that is actually motivated to be wealthy by something that means to him, l ove. While the other characters only want to be rich and wealthy, Gatsby wants to be wealthy so he could attain Daisy and her love. Another one of the visions that is represented in the novel is class. In this novel there is conflict between the three categories of class. The three categories; upper-class, middle-class, and lower-class are represented very differently. Fitzgerald represents class by old money, new money, and no money. Tom and Daisy Buchanan are both a very rich married couple who are individually very self centered and hypocrites. Daisy does not even wait for Gatsby, even though she promised to wait for him, and confessed that she loved him, leaving him for Tom, a very wealthy young guy. Tom, has high moral expectations from those around him, but does not apply those moral expectations to himself, considering that he had an affair with Myrtle, and confronts Daisy and Gatsby when they become involved. Old money is referring to the characters Tom and Daisy, because th ey have inherited their money from old relatives, and do not spend it so freely. Jay Gatsby, was born in North Dakota as James Gatz, and while working for a millionaire he motivated himself to become

Monday, May 18, 2020

The Natural Evolution Of Readability And How It s...

Visual communication is the interaction of meanings and thoughts through visual stimuli. Usually in 2D visual communication covers a wide range of genres including art, ideograms, typography, photography, illustration, graphic design and many others. In this essay I will try to evidence the natural evolution of readability and legibility in visual communication and how it’s progression reached its pinnacle before the beginning of post-modernism. I will look as far back as the first known instances of visual communication, the cave paintings, and target key elements to the evolution and progression of visual communication including ideograms, the alphabet, scribes, the printing press, slave ship diagrams, the Renaissance, Leonardo Da Vinci and the Avantgarde, before concentrating on the change from Modernism to post-modernism. In my essay readability refers to the ease in which we can read the piece and legibility discuses the message it is trying to convey. It is my View that Visual communication, for the most part; naturally progressed over time due to the influence of previous developments. I believe that this reached its pinnacle during modernism and experienced a drastic change during post-modernism. The main theory that i will be trying to evidence is the natural progression and evolution of readability and legibility in visual communication until the beginning of post-modernism The earliest known form of visual communication is Indonesian cave paintings dated at

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Free Online Virtual High Schools 101

A free online high school is a program that allows students to study through the internet without paying tuition. Free online high schools are considered public schools. In some states, they may be run by the states department of education. In other states, free online high schools are administrated by local school districts or by private organizations that receive permission by forming charter schools. While some free online high schools only offer a few courses, many provide students the opportunity to earn an entire high school diploma. Do Free Online High Schools Offer Legitimate Diplomas? The short answer is: yes. Free only high schools can award graduates diplomas that are the same as diplomas from traditional brick-and-mortar schools. However, many free online high schools are new and are still trying to become properly accredited. Whenever a new school (traditional or virtual) begins accepting students for enrollment, it must go through an accreditation process to prove that it offers a high-quality education. The process can take some time and a school is not guaranteed to receive accreditation. Before enrolling, you can check a free online high schools accreditation status here. If the school is not accredited, you may encounter trouble transferring to another program or having your credits accepted by a college after graduation. Are Free Online High Schools Easier Than Traditional High Schools? As a general rule, free online high schools are not easier than traditional online high schools. Different schools have different curricula and instructors. Some free online high schools may be more difficult than their traditional counterparts, while others may be easier. Some students tend to thrive in the self-paced, independent atmosphere that online high schools provide. Others have an extremely difficult time trying to navigate their assignments and study without the face-to-face assistance offered by teachers in traditional programs. Can Adults Enroll in Free Online High Schools? As public programs, free online high schools are designed for teenagers. While the rules vary from state to state, most free online high schools do not permit older adults to enroll. Some programs will accept students that are in their early twenties or younger. Older students interested in earning an online high school diploma may want to consider private online high school programs. These programs do charge tuition; however many are targeted to older learners and offer students the possibility of earning a diploma at an accelerated speed. Who Funds Free Online High Schools? Free online high schools are funded in the same way as traditional high schools: with local, state, and federal tax funds. Can Free Online High School Graduates Enroll in College? Yes. Just like traditional high school graduates, online high school graduates may apply to and enroll in colleges. College administrators look for the same types of grades, activities, and recommendations as they do for traditional graduates. Some online high schools offer different tracks for students depending on their academic preparedness and their desire to either attend college or learn a trade. Students that plan to attend college should enroll in college preparatory classes and should find out what courses their desired college requires of new freshmen. Additionally, college-minded students should make sure that their free online high school is properly accredited and is in good standing with the accrediting organizations. Can My Teenager Enroll in Any Free Online High School? No. Because online high schools are usually partially funded by local taxes, schools are location-specific. For example, a high school student from Dallas, Texas could not enroll in a free online high school funded by Los Angeles, California school districts. Students are only permitted to enroll in programs that are designated for their state or city. In some cases, students must live within a particular school district in order to enroll in a particular online high school. Additionally, some online high schools are only open to students that regularly attend traditional schools that the online program contracts with. Can My Teenager Enroll in a Free Online High School While Traveling Abroad? Because of the stringent residency requirements, enrolling in a free online high school while abroad can be a bit challenging. Generally, if students are retaining their American citizenship, they will still have a home state. If the parents remain in the U.S., the student may enroll in free online high schools permitted by the parents address. If the whole family is traveling abroad, residency may be determined by their mailing address or P.O. Box. Individual schools may have their own requirements. How Do I Find a Free Online High School? To find a program for your area, check out the About.com state-by-state list of free online high schools.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

John Keats Poetry Analysis - 864 Words

Despite his close association with romanticism, John Keats was not always a lover. A childhood friend said of Keats, â€Å"His penchant was for fighting. He would fight anyone (John).† Keats lived to be only twenty-five years old before dying of tuberculosis and spent several of those years training to become a surgeon before abandoning his apothecary studies to become a poet. The subject matter of Keats’ poetry ranges from politics, to Greek-style epics, to love letter odes to nature (John). Keats became more closely aligned with romanticism as he befriended other romantic era poets and was described as being part of a, â€Å"new school that would revive Nature and put a spirit of youth in everything (John),†Ã¢â‚¬  by Examiner editor Leigh Hunt.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To Autumn† is filled with lush autumnal imagery that begins by describing autumn as the, â€Å"Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun (Keats To).† Keats praises the beauty and bounty of autumn throughout the poem and lauds it in a way that is not expected for the season that transitions the liveliness of summer to the sobriety of winter. In fact, Keats reassures autumn that it does not need to compare itself to spring, â€Å"Where are the songs of spring? Ay, Where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too (Keats To).† This line seems oddly comforting to be addressed to a non sentient time of year, but given Keats’ other characterizations of autumn throughout the poem it makes sense. Through illustrations like, â€Å"Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find Thee sitting careless on a granary floor, Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind (Keats To),† and, â€Å"sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep Steady thy laden head across a brook (Keats To),† Keats depicts autumn as a rather feminine, graceful, gentle harvester. Given Keats’ taste for greek mythology, it is easy to see similarities between the description of autumn here and the Greek goddess of the harvest, Demeter. The most defining characteristic of romantic poetry is the appreciation of nature; â€Å"To Autumn† is essentially a love letter to nature. Each line of â€Å"To Autumn† treasures what the season does, â€Å"AndShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Keats s Poetry1013 Words   |  5 Pagesit through the beauty of nature’s imagery. John Keats uses a different aspect of fall in each stanza. He describes the ripening of fruit, processes of the harvest, and sounds of insects and animals. Each aspect was expressed in such a way it was as if I was experiencing the aspects of autumn myself. There is something sublime about the things he is describing. His words take what I would see as ordinary and make it seem exceptional. Historical content Keats, a romantic poet, wrote â€Å"To Autumn† in 1819Read MoreJohn Keats s Life Of Poetry1024 Words   |  5 PagesLike many poets, John Keats has had a very troubling and traumatic life and it shows in his writings of poetry. Death and many other awful troubles causing him to have a life that anyone would feel horrible in. John Keat’s poetry has many dark recurring themes. One speculation is that his poetry was an escape from his melancholy filled life. There are many aspects to Keats’s life that could have been motivation to write his poetry. One would say that he connected works of poetry with the events ofRead MoreCombined Experience of Suffering, Death and Love all at Once1541 Words   |  7 Pagestheir work. John Keats was a famous poet who grew up in an idyllic life until tragedy continuously stroked until his death at twenty-five years old. At eight years old, his father died in a tragic riding accident. Six years later, his mother died of tuberculosi s (TB). In the midst of his troubles, his teacher strongly encouraged his reading and literacy ambitions. Living next to an insane asylum, Keats eventually started to develop physical and emotional problems. Diagnosed with TB, Keats helplesslyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of John Keatss Ode To Autumn830 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of John Keats Ode to Autumn My initial reaction to this work evoked a taste of wanting to taste the fruit of season. The poem, Ode to Autumn, also reverted me back to my years of early reading when I read â€Å"The Secret Garden†. I am enamored by the way Keats almost makes me see the fruit and vines. Reading about the symbionic relationship that takes place between the sun and the changing season is awe-inspiring; as it relates to the reaction or the beauty that is created based on that relationshipRead MoreJohn Keats: The Next Shakespeare Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Keats can easily be ranked as the top British poet to ever live; or at least in the top five ranking mark. His usage of his poems structures has become famous, just as his poems have become famous. Due to the young death of this famous poet, his literary work was cut short. Ever since he knew he was going to die, when he discovered he had contracted tuberculosis, he had thought that he would never be remembered; so much so that a ccording to the web-site â€Å"Poets Graves† which states the inscriptionRead MoreJohn Keats : The Five Senses, Reality Departures, And Nature1628 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"If Poetry comes not as naturally as Leaves to a tree it had better not come at all† (biography). John Keats was an English-born poet who was known for his sonnets, romances, and epics. He was a well-known romantic poet who was criticized because of his style of poetry. In his poems, Keats uses frequent themes such as death, the five senses, reality departures, and nature. As a romantic poet, John Keats uses imagery and emotion based themes as way to display his beliefs in his poetry. Born inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ode Of Spring By John Keats Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem Ode to Autumn by John Keats, my initial thoughts of this work is how the author does a beautiful job describing the season. The way that he makes his words come to life. The poem makes you feel as if you are right there in the midst of autumn. As I read through the poem, it was as if I could inhale the autumn air. I think the thing that I loved most about this piece is the mere fact that it is my most favorite season of the year. When the poem talks about the songs of spring, it tellsRead Moreâ€Å"Beauty is truth, truth beauty† Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesOf the five odes written by John Keats, this ode was written to show the beauty of love through a work of art. This work of art is a Grecian Urn, one side adorned with a woman being pursued by a â€Å"bold lover† and on the other a priest leading a heifer to be sacrificed. The beauty of this poem is given in five stanzas of iambic pentameter with a two part rhyme scheme, giving the poem a sense of a two part structure and, furthermore, two meanings just as there are two sides of the urn. The manifestRead MoreGood Morning And Thankyou For Tuning Into The Poet s Voice1391 Words   |  6 Pagesyou a poem called â€Å"Ode on Melancholy†, by the British Romantic poet John Keats, who is arguably the most popular romantic poet of his era. Through a discussion of Keats and a close analysis of the poem I will talk about how â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† upholds the dominant ideologies of the romantic period, the period in which the poem was constructed. First of all, we must delve into John Keats and explore his life a little. John Keats was born on the 31st of October, 1795, in London where he lived withRead More An Analysis of On Sitting Down To Read King Lear Once Again Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages An Analysis of On Sitting Down To Read King Lear Once Again nbsp; The poem On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again by John Keats is a sonnet about Keats relationship with the drama that became his idea of tragic perfection, and how it relates to his own struggle with the issues of short life and premature death. Keats uses the occasion of the rereading this play to explore his seduction by it and its influence on himself and his ways of looking at himself and his situation in spite

Kindred Free Essays

As the book entails more of African-American history rather than just a pure literature of science fiction since it deals slavery in the nineteenth century Antebellum South which unleashes the issue of slavery, its causes, effects and its evidences on a more modernized method and language to capture the interest of the reader particularly to the young adults whom the book has marketed, readers would see it as a reliable historical reference. Every detail written on it illustrates manifestation of the tragic truth on how white people consider their supremacy over the blacks.   This include horrible dilemma such as beatings, rape, forced labor, murderous acts, and any form of abuses whether physical, psychological or emotional which the protagonist Dana has experienced as a result of her permission to be transported in the past several times in search of a missing piece, though the epiphany was only after the first and second glimpses from the past via time travel on which the revelation involving her antecedent has occurred. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindred or any similar topic only for you Order Now To dare oneself to involve in the not-so-good incidents and allow himself being hurt by anyone or anything could be a brave action if not heroic.   However, Dana here is just a victim of unexplainable intervention which urges her to accept her ethnicity.   Knowing that both the blood of the slave-owner rapist Rufus and the slave Alice runs through her blood, and with marriage with Kevin, another white man like his grandfather Rufus, Dana courageously surpass it in the end. Readers of Kindred might see little of himself in Dana’s terrible experiences and would help him realize the message that everyone is related with one another irregardless of color differences and norms.   Time heals all wounds but never the lesson it imparted and the history out of it, with or without science intervention. R E F E R E N C E Butler, Octavia. Kindred. New York: Doubleday, 1979. How to cite Kindred, Essay examples

Jar of Hearts by Christina Perri free essay sample

I bet there are many of you teens out there who watch So You Think You Can Dance. If you dont watch this quite entertaining show, heres a little snippit. Its a competition show, much like American Idol, where contestants dance for votes from the American audience and are eliminated slowly. Recently, a choreographer on the show, Stacey Tookey discovered a waitress song titled Jar of Hearts. Tookey featured this song on one of her performances and suddenly this song sky-rocketed. Christina Perri was this lucky waitress and is still unsigned to any record label to this day. She did however, quit her day job as a wench after the she was discovered. The song is a melancholy composition of minor key signatures and slightly haunting lyrics. Perri herself plays the piano in the song. The piano is the main instrument in the piece with hints of cello. We will write a custom essay sample on Jar of Hearts by Christina Perri or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The song tells the story of a past relationship with a man who is a serious heartbreaker. The heartbreaker returns wanting her back. Perhaps its not the most original backstory but the song is delivered beautifully and written in an honest and uncensored, raw way. Perri was invited back to the show, SYTYCD, to perform live and it was clear that this fantastic artist was not autotuned or machine-produced. This song is very touching and soared to number eight on the iTunes top ten. I wouldnt hesitate to recommend this to anyone. I would bet a good deal of my college savings to say that Perri will go far in the future. I know I cant take one more step towards you; cause all thats waiting is regret. Dont you know Im not your ghost anymore? You lost the love I loved the most. I learned to live half-alive, and now you want me one more time. Who do you think you are? Runnin round leaving scars? Collecting your jar of hearts, and tearing love apart. Youre gonna catch a cold, from the ice inside your soul. Dont come back for me. Who do you think you are?

Saturday, May 2, 2020

The Profession of Architecture free essay sample

However, unless the architect’s role begins to change similarly to keep up with our changing environment, buildings today can’t withstand the increase number of natural disasters, which our world today is coming to terms with. Natural disasters being, â€Å"changes which are so great they may cause damage to the shape of the land or to the lives of people and other living things. † (What are natural disasters? , Primary Resources. ) The effects of climate change including extreme temperatures, flooding and droughts and intense heat waves, are causing a greater number of natural disasters. The strong link between architects and the effects of broken housing and infrastructure after natural disasters is all too common. The role of the architect is mainly thought of as being essential in the direct providing of emergency assistance however their role has changed over time to seeing the general plan formulated prior to disasters (Aquilino, 2012. ) In rebuilding though it is important for architects and clients to be open for change including adapting new building codes and education to others in the community, whilst keeping with the appropriate culture and atmosphere which would have once existed. Architects play an important role in making homes viable and functional after restoration. It can be argued that architects contribute to only three percent of the worlds built environment, therefore it is not solely their responsibility (Alexander, 2002. ) However if the blame keeps shifting from who is responsible it is wasting time and is predicted to force millions of people of the verge of eco-refuge, a condition that poses a real threat to human security as people are forced to migrate. Eco- refuge is a problem leading to homelessness, causing ill health and financial troubles for those affected. Emergency housing has being developed post disasters to provide for these people however these temporary homes in which people are forced to live in are culturally unacceptable, lacking in poor hygiene standards and temporary shelters and housing do not have any architectural basis. Experts are finding that these natural hazards are increasing yearly and in severity and the ability to protect these communities once a disaster strikes becomes nearly impossible. These shelters now require architectural design and technological support due to the extended period of time required for use. Thousands of organisations worldwide respond to catastrophe, some providing emergency and transitional shelters while others build permanent homes. The lack of coordinated response draws out this process for the citizens. The rush to complete mandates and donor priorities lead to weak coordination and fragmented knowledge and combine with the disregard for environmental health characterize the failed practices that prevail after a disaster. This is the call for the crucial immediate need for architects- along with other built-environment professionals to bring training, competency and ingenuity to disaster risk prevention, migration, response and recovery are needed. Architects in conjunction with planners must engage in a broader conversation, among the expertise in humanitarian aid, anthropologies, conversation, ecologists, bankers and economists, structural engineers, public health officials, surveyors and within the context of policy makers and communities. These groups need to know where to put their confidence and practitioners including architects must guard against the tendency to fall into rote responses and convenient solutions (Aquilino, 2012. ) Architects are not only skilled technicians they are, ‘creative artists’ and those talents are needed in such circumstances. Many architectural details and materials needed for repairing the remaining historic buildings are when there are majority of problems. The effects of the urban layout and architectural style of villages after the rebuild alter the culture of the communities affected. According to several studies the blame after natural disasters has been turned to the lack of responsibility of architects when planning their designs. Take Chris Clarke owner of a brand new, spacious, open plan three bedroom home in Callignee situated in the Gippsland region of Victoria’s east. In less than a week after completing his house which took ten years planning and building the worst bushfires of the state, commonly known as ‘Black Saturday’ burned through and destroyed it. Two hundred houses in the region burned to the ground, as similarly to Chris’ was built within meters of trees and surrounded by acres of bush land. All that remained of Chris’ home was a single brick wall, concrete foundations, his kitchen bench, pool and a two story steel frame. Since this natural disaster the building codes have strengthened in this area with a greater number of regulations being enforced. Examples include no decks being allowed to be built outside unless you use fully fire rated timber, and adopting the best technology using the latest materials including cladding in fire resistant weathering steel and cocooning all timber frames with a fire resistant material known as Firefly, which can withstand temperatures of over one thousand two hundred degrees Celsius for over an hour (Franklin, 2010. Architects need to prevent these situations from occurring by ensuring their client takes a greater responsibility in acknowledging their environment and the natural hazards associated with it. If this is conducted early on in planning this would ensure a stable longer lasting home and the client would be able to budget for the necessary cost before a disaster occurs. Urgent questions about the role and responsibility of architects have been circulatin g since the Indian Ocean tsunami killed more than two hundred thousand people in 2004. Suddenly questions were raised about the roles of the architects. Architects appeared notably absent from efforts to protect people from disaster. More recently they have been active in other areas of public interest for example investigating a range of creative strategies to improve social, environmental and economic quality. Commonly the role the architect play’s is a sustained role in shaping policy and have had little active presence or voice in learning the best practices in disaster relief. They provide coherent solutions that include safety and land use planning, the process by which decisions are made on future land uses and disposition of resources, facilities, and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health, and well-being of urban and rural communities† However they also research innovative building technologies and are at the forefront of low-cost, energy saving, environmentally sound materials and new methods of prefabrication. They discover ways to bring ffordable high technology solutions to vulnerable communities and are experts in how best to bridge the gap that separates short term emergency needs with long term sustainable recovery. This is achieved by a variety of non governmental charities, government agencies, and the residents themselves (Vinnitskaya, 2012. ) The recent development of technologies and increase number of natural disasters has lead to the study of geospatial content being examined for links between the Earth’s deposition and the movement between the two. It is therefore possible to configure research and take up effective architectural practices which can manipulate theses effects of the detriments on buildings. Having acknowledged strategies to deal with natural disasters in advance it ensures a faster more effective response to the rebuild (Vassilious, Doulamis, Karagiorgou 2010. ) The New Zealand earthquake is an example where this is occurring. New Zealand, and in particular their capital city Christchurch is positioned in the ‘ring of fire’ a continuous belt of volcanoes and earthquakes circulating the Pacific Ocean. The increasing number of architects adopting green and sustainable methods in design today is all to common. Sustainable design is a common thought and in architecture today tends to be of the importance of sustainable design and efficient use of space and building materials, this is shared by the increasing number of architects adopting green and sustainable methods (Van Schaik, London, George. 2010) The role of the architect has to be one that ensures sustainable design is carried out in all practices. Fulfilling the clients design brief but most importantly listens to the natural environment and takes relevant action in planning if a natural hazard is caused. The role of the client needs to be altered to be able to compromise when these structures are getting built so that they are understanding of their environment and their interaction with it. The development and knowledge architects have today extends far beyond being able to design and build houses, their engagement with the environment especially in the case of a natural disaster occurring. Hurricane Catrina is an example where this is the case. In 2005 Hurricane Catrina ripped through the lower ninth ward of New Orleans, America, a community of low socio economic status. Three years later many are still with out homes. However the design of these new homes are planned to show architectural precision at its finest. Architect, Tom Mayne of Morphis in Los Angeles has designed houses, which will float on water if another natural disaster occurs. Architects play three critical point in crisis situations. The first is, capacity. This includes well trained architects who are actively building and have a wide ranging experience in addition to their ability to erect secure, durable structures. They are expert contract managers capable of calculating needs, resources, and budgets through a program. All of this helps save money and improves humanitarian action. The second is representation; architects work in close collaboration with communities and can help them act on their own behalf. Playing the roles of designer, historian, negotiator and advocate, architects develop site alternatives that help secure land tenure , reblock overcrowded slums, afford better access to water, sanitation, air and light, introduce public spaces and improve the relationship with the local ecology. They can then represent community consensus on viable projects to different government bodies, and this, in turn promotes local independence. It is terribly difficult for communities to successfully represent their own best interests in the face of intractable politics. Thirdly, vision, this recovery extends will beyond the need for shelter. In a state of emergency it is difficult for desperate individuals to imagine a better future. Architectural expertise can promote public health, encourage investigating in new skills, environmental awareness and advocate for mitigating risk, which together help endure a sustainable and safe way of life. (Aquilino, 2012. ) These buildings need to be built to withstand their appropriate environment by being built on stilts to withstand a hurricane, covered in Fire Fly to be fire resistant and structurally stable to withstand shifts in the Earth tectonic plates. Effective architecture remains to be a challenging issue amongst building which aims to provide safer, longer lasting buildings. The answer lies with whether the clients are able to financially support these safety precautions. There is a gap in this, which the government can fill including stronger building regulations across all houses which are near ush land, all homes in the ‘ring of fire’ be structurally sound to withstand a earthquake. Architects need to respond to the growing threat of disaster risk in urban and rural setting around the world. The challenge is growing impossible so action must be taken immediately and to do this we must revisit architecture with the capacity to be a powerful, disruptive force. Architects must begin to speak with others. References * Alexander, David. 2002. Housing Crisis after Natural Disaster: the Aftermath of the November 1980 Southern Italian Earthquae.